Source of cells used to generate new tissue may be important to personalized medicine

Significant investments are being made worldwide in precision medicine, concentrated in the curation of stem cell lines for the generation of new tissues and organs. Specialists have primarily relied on skin samples as their source of cells because of the ability of these cells to grow in culture and the relative ease of acquisition and manipulation in the laboratory. As momentum and investment continue to build towards this revolution in personalized medicine, Dr. Jaffe and his team have discovered that both the location and age of cell samples from patients have important considerations when generating patient-specific stem cell lines.

The most popular cell types for generating patient-specific stem cells are skin-derived and therefore receive potentially the highest amount of environmental exposure. LIBD investigators compared fibroblast lines from dura mater of the postmortem brain to those from skin samples in the same individuals. While the cells appear identical under a microscope, this study identified widespread epigenetic and gene expression differences, suggesting strong epigenetic memory from the cell’s original location in the body. In addition, researchers discovered sites that were significantly associated with the age of the donor. Dr. Jaffe noted, “These age-related changes are one of the first examples, to our knowledge, of significant age-related changes in a pure cell population that is many divisions from the original cells.”

The results of this study show there are significant differences in the cells derived from dura vs skin samples across the lifespan. As the field of personalized medicine continues to grow, this evidence necessitates further exploration into the epigenetic patterns in stem cells used for new tissue and organ generation. Additional research is required to determine which cells to cultivate and when, as researchers question how much epigenetic memory is actually erased when creating stem cell models.

Source of cells used to generate new tissue may be important to personalized medicine

Blood-flow sensor for vascular disease monitoring developed, tested

In a study published in the Oct. 30, 2015 issue of Science Advances, the researchers showed that the sensor can measure blood flow in both large and micro-sized blood vessels near the skin’s surface. They also provided details about the design and operation of the device. The researchers assessed the sensor’s performance under various conditions, showing that the technology could be used for continuous blood-flow monitoring during daily activities and in a variety of clinical research and health care settings.

In addition to diabetes and chronic hypertension, conditions that affect the health of blood vessels and surrounding tissue include kidney disease, autoimmune and other inflammatory conditions, the effects of aging and smoking, and a class of cholesterol-related abnormalities called dyslipidemias. Continuous monitoring of variations in blood flow could also be valuable in assessing these conditions in clinical and research scenarios.

The pilot-tested device, co-developed with researchers at Northwestern University, is among a variety of tools available to measure blood flow.. Other devices, such as ones based on optical or acoustic methods, however, do not work as well when the body is in motion, and thus require a patient or study subject to remain still.

The researchers overcame these challenges with the soft, skin-conforming electronic device that is applied directly onto the skin and uses thermal sensors to collect data on changes in temperature, including those caused by changes in blood flow. The device can also apply a small amount of heat in order to test a subject’s responses. In this mode, a miniature pad in the device generates a heat impulse, while 14 surrounding thermal sensors detect the resulting heat flux. The signal is sent to a computer that calculates the velocity of blood flow occurring within two millimeters of the skin surface.

In their study, the researchers placed the sensor on a study subject’s forearm, over a large, visible vein, and then applied pressure for 60 seconds at various positions near the vein. Each time, the device sensed corresponding reductions in blood flow. The researchers also used a thermal camera that measures infrared signals to confirm that the blood-flow sensor measurements were accurate, even when the subject moved around.

Next, they chose a placement on the forearm that was not near a large vein, so that the device would detect blood flow in micro-sized blood vessels within the underlying tissue. The researchers were able to detect changes in blood flow when the study subject took a deep breath. Members of the team at a collaborating institution performed a separate test that involved delivering a gentle slap to the skin near the electronic sensor, which caused a mild reddening reaction. The sensor registered the skin reaction as an increase of surface temperature, accompanied by a change in the direction of blood flow within two millimeters of the skin’s surface.

According to co-author Alexander Gorbach, Ph.D., head of NIBIB’s Infrared Imaging and Thermometry Unit, the tests performed with the thermal sensor helped to establish a number of guidelines for its use, such as optimal placement of the sensor, and how deeply under the skin’s surface the device can assess blood flow. At this stage, the device shows promise as a low-cost, readily-fabricated sensor for use in ambulatory or hospital-based settings. Because of the link between chronic hypertension and some types of vascular diseases, the new sensor may be a useful addition to studies of hypertension and its consequences.

Dr. Gorbach had taken part in prior research, published in 2013, that tested the electronic sensor’s use for collecting continuous body temperature readings. In that study, the team tested the device for use in monitoring the skin temperature of patients under observation for infection or other illnesses. “The clinical standard for temperature readings is two times per day, but this device can send readings two times per second,” he said. In addition, the device can also be used during surgery to monitor the temperature and blood flow of internal organs.

Blood-flow sensor for vascular disease monitoring developed, tested

Groundbreaking discovery made use skin cells to kill cancer

The technique, reported in Nature Communications, builds on a newest chronicle of a Nobel Prize-winning record from 2007, that authorised researchers to spin skin cells into embryonic-like branch cells. Researchers hailed a possibilities for use in regenerative medicine and drug screening. Now, researchers have found a new use: murdering mind cancer.

“Patients desperately need a improved customary of care,” pronounced Shawn Hingtgen, Ph.D., an partner highbrow in a UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy and member of a Lineberger Comprehensive Care Center, who led a study.

The presence rate over dual years for a studious with a glioblastoma is 30 percent since it is so formidable to treat. Even if a surgeon removes many of a tumor, it’s scarcely unfit to get a invasive, carcenogenic tendrils that widespread deeper into a mind and fundamentally a ruins grow back. Most patients die within a year and a half of their diagnosis.

Hingtgen and his group wish to urge those statistics by building a new personalized diagnosis for glioblastoma that starts with a patient’s possess skin cells, with a idea of removing absolved of a carcenogenic tendrils, effectively murdering a glioblastoma.

In their work, Hingtgen and his group reprogram skin cells famous as fibroblasts — that furnish collagen and junction hankie — to turn prompted neural branch cells. Working with mice, Hingtgen’s group showed that these neural branch cells have an inherited ability to pierce via a mind and home in on and kill any remaining cancer cells. The group also showed that these branch cells could be engineered to furnish a tumor-killing protein, adding another blow to a cancer.

Depending on a form of tumor, a Hingtgen’s group increasing presence time of a mice 160 to 220 percent. Next stairs will concentration on tellurian branch cells and contrast some-more effective anti-cancer drugs that can be installed into a tumor-seeking neural branch cells.

“Our work represents a newest expansion of a stem-cell record that won a Nobel Prize in 2012,” Hingtgen said. “We wanted to find out if these prompted neural branch cells would home in on cancer cells and either they could be used to broach a healing agent. This is a initial time this approach reprogramming record has been used to provide cancer.”

Hingtgen’s group is also now improving a staying energy of branch cells within a surgical cavity. They detected that a branch cells indispensable a earthy pattern to support and classify them, so they will hang around prolonged adequate to find out a carcenogenic tendrils. “Without a structure like that, a branch cells ramble off too fast to do any good,” pronounced Hingtgen, who reported this outcome in a apart biography called Biomaterials.

In that study, Hingtgen and his group combined his branch cells to an FDA-approved fibrin sealant ordinarily used as surgical glue. The earthy pattern it creates tripled a influence of branch cells in a surgical cavity, providing serve support for a qualification and strength of a technique.

Groundbreaking discovery made use skin cells to kill cancer

Skin infections rife among high school wrestlers, say researchers

The study, published in a Feb emanate of a Journal of a American Academy of Dermatology, examined information from a vast inhabitant representation of U.S. high schools over 5 years and found that 73.6 percent of skin infections occurred during wrestling followed by football with 17.9 percent. The control and neck were a many visit site of infection.

“Given a inlet of a sport, it’s not startling that wrestlers humour a many skin infections,” pronounced comparison author Robert Dellavalle, MD, associate highbrow of dermatology during a University of Colorado School of Medicine. “Most of a infections were bacterial and fungal.”

Most athletes were means to lapse to play within 3 to 6 days though some of a infections were some-more serious.

“While many skin infections need a week liberation on average, others might have some-more critical eye and neurological impasse from a primary Herpes Simplex Virus,” pronounced investigate co-first author Kurt Ashak, a fourth year medical tyro during Michigan State University who helped control a investigate during a new dermatology revolution during CU Anschutz.

The investigate used information from a National High School Sports-Related Injury Surveillance System, High School RIO (Reporting Information Online), destined by Dawn Comstock, PhD, associate highbrow of epidemiology during a Program for Injury Prevention, Education and Research (PIPER) during a Colorado School of Public Health.

They looked during 22 high propagandize sports and found 474 skin infections reported during 20.858,781 ‘athlete exposures’ (AE) or one contestant participating in one practice, competition, or performance.

The rate of skin infections in wrestling was 28.56 per 100,000 AE while football rates were 2.32 per 100,000. Other sports had rates of skin infections reduction than 1.00 per 100,000 AE with 8 stating nothing during all.

Some 60.6 percent of skin infections were bacterial followed by tinea (ringworm) during 28.4 percent. The investigate showed herpetic lesions like cold sores and heat blisters represented 5.2 percent of infections while 3.2 percent were diverse infections.

“A series of best practices are accessible to forestall sports-related skin infections,” pronounced investigate co-first author Kyle Burton, a fourth-year medical tyro during a University of Central Florida, who also did a investigate during a dermatology investigate revolution during CU Anschutz. “For example, a Centers for Disease Control and Prevention now recommends that athletes take showers directly after any competition.”

Burton pronounced if immersion directly after any foe and use is not possible, studies have shown that skin infections also dump dramatically when athletes use soap and H2O skin wipes. A recommendation from a National Federation of State High School Athletic Associations calls for referees to perform skin checks before any wrestling compare in an try to forestall athletes from swelling infections.

Dr. Dellavalle remarkable that many schools clean down wrestling mats before and after competitions though given that many infections start on a control and face, they should be some-more observant about headgear.

“Wrestlers are not rubbing their heads and faces on a mats,” he said. “The problem might be not gripping headgear scrupulously spotless before any match.”

Skin infections rife among high school wrestlers, say researchers

Smart skin made of recyclable materials may transform medicine and robotics

The flexible, paper-based skin is layered onto a post-it note, with paper, aluminum foil, lint-free wipes, and pencil lines behaving as intuiting components. Being done of recyclable materials, this paper skin presents a vast series of feeling functions in a inexpensive and environmentally accessible way.

“Democratization of wiring will be pivotal in a destiny for a continued growth. In that regard, a skin-type feeling height done with recyclable materials usually demonstrates a energy of tellurian imagination,” pronounced Prof. Muhammad Mustafa Hussain, comparison author of a Advanced Materials Technologies paper. “This is a initial time a unaccompanied height shows multi-sensory functionalities tighten to that of healthy skin. Additionally they are being review or monitored concurrently like the possess skin.”

Smart skin made of recyclable materials may transform medicine and robotics

First topical treatment for common benign skin lesions

“Our paper is a initial to uncover that SKs are contingent on an enzyme called Akt for survival,” says Victor Neel, MD, PhD, MGH executive of Dermatologic Surgery and lead author of a paper. “Inhibition of this enzyme in SK cells causes fast dungeon genocide while carrying no outcome on normal skin cells. We are assured that this paper heralds a expansion of an effective, accepted diagnosis for SKs.”

Sometimes called “senile warts,” “barnacles” or “liver spots,” SKs change in tone from tan to black, can be prosaic or raised, and operation in distance from utterly tiny to an in. or some-more across. They turn some-more common with aging; many people over 40 are expected to have a few, and some can have hundreds sparse opposite a torso and face. While SKs have some little facilities in common with their virulent reflection squamous dungeon carcinoma and many have mutations in genes famous to be concerned in cancer, SKs never turn malignant.

Previous examine by members of a MGH group identified increasing countenance in SKs of expansion cause receptors and other genes suspicion to be concerned in skin dungeon split and in skin cancer development. Neel explains, “We still don’t know because SKs conflict virulent mutation yet we consider investigate SKs will assistance us brand factors that forestall soft lesions from apropos malignant.

The dual genes that are many frequently deteriorated in SKs — called PI3K and FGFR3 — formula for proteins that impact a activation of a Akt kinase enzyme, that is famous to retard several cell-death associated pathways. Although prior studies have reported aloft levels of activated Akt in SKs than in normal skin, last a stress of that anticipating was hampered by a inability to grow SK cells in a laboratory. Through hearing and blunder and a bit of luck, a MGH group identified conditions that assent SK cells to be cultured, opening adult an array of opportunities for investigate their biology.

Cultured SK cells were unprotected to a row of specific kinase inhibitors, confirming that a expansion and upkeep of SK cells requires a participation of activated Akt. One sold Akt inhibitor, called A44 (A-443654, constructed by Abbvie Pharmaceuticals), was by distant a many fit during inducing a genocide of well-bred SK cells. Small doses of A44 instituted a cell-death module called apoptosis. The researchers also found that requesting A44 to total SK lesions that had been excised from patients’ skin and confirmed in enlightenment caused a lesions to die by apoptosis.

“Within 48 hours of bearing to A44, a SK lesions from patients totally disintegrated,” says co-author Anna Mandinova, MD, PhD, of MGH’s Cutaneous Research Biology Center. “This outcome was really specific to SK lesions, as A44 was submissive both to normal skin cells and to virulent squamous dungeon carcinoma cells.”

The MGH group is stability to examine a intensity of A44 and several other compounds in sequence to brand a best claimant for clinical trials of a accepted diagnosis for SKs. A obvious focus formed on a investigate commentary has been filed, and a group is stability to pursue what SKs can exhibit about a molecular differences between soft and virulent tumors.

“Understanding because SKs never turn malignant, even yet they have mutations in classical oncogenes, was a primary doubt we wanted to residence when we started investigate this skin lesion. Finding a novel inhibitor of SKs was a serendipitous byproduct of that inquiry,” says Neel, who is an partner highbrow of Dermatology during Harvard Medical School. “We think that other, yet-to-be-determined mutations in SKs are exclusive with a mutations that lead to malignancy. For example, p53 is ordinarily deteriorated both in sun-damaged skin and in cancers like squamous dungeon carcinoma yet is never deteriorated in SKs. We wish that pinpointing other mutations underlying SK expansion will assistance us know how they conflict apropos malignant, that could surprise us of new ways of treating some-more dangerous tumors.”

First topical treatment for common benign skin lesions

Food additive that may prevent skin cancer revealed by scientists

Georg Wondrak, PhD, associate professor, and Donna Zhang, PhD, professor, both members of a University of Arizona Cancer Center, recently published a investigate in Free Radical Biology and Medicine titled, “System Administration of a Apocarotenoid Bixin Protects Skin opposite Solar UV-Induced Damage by Activation of Nrf2.”

Bixin is a splendid reddish orange devalue found in annatto, a healthy seasoning and food coloring subsequent from a seeds of a achiote fruit. Annatto, also famous as achiote, has been a common part in Latin American cooking given a pre-Columbian era.

Dr. Wondrak’s lab works to find tiny molecules, mostly in succulent plants, that can forestall skin cancer. Dr. Zhang is a heading consultant on a Nrf2 transcription factor, that strengthens cells opposite bearing to carcinogens. Dr. Wondrak’s investigations spasmodic brand a devalue that activates a Nrf2 pathway, and he calls on Dr. Zhang to combine in last either a devalue has cancer-preventive properties.

In a new study, mice injected with bixin and uninjected mice were unprotected to UV radiation. The mice with a bixin injection gifted most reduction serious skin object damage.

Dr. Wondrak says this find is singular since bixin is a nutritive factor, not a sunscreen practical to a skin. It prevents UV skin repairs from a inside out by inducing cells to make protecting antioxidants and correct factors. The devalue does not kill skin cancer cells, though prevents their combining in a initial place. Drs. Wondrak and Zhang find this investigate generally constrained since it involves a ordinarily consumed food substance.

The subsequent stairs for this line of investigate embody anticipating out either bixin prevents UV skin repairs in humans as it does in mice. Because annatto is authorized by a Food and Drug Administration asa protected food additive, the use in destiny clinical trials is approaching to need fewer rounds of testing. With continued investigate into bixin’s effects, scientists shortly might know if dishes with annatto can assistance forestall object damage, photo-aging and cancer in humans.

Food additive that may prevent skin cancer revealed by scientists

Researchers develop concept for new sunscreen that allows body to produce vitamin D

Sun exposure is the major source of vitamin D for most children and adults worldwide. It is also recognized that vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency is a major health problem that afflicts approximately 40 percent of children and 60 percent of adults. However, because of concern for increased risk for skin cancer, widespread sunscreen use has been implemented. As a result, an SPF of 30 when properly applied, reduces the capacity of the skin to produce vitamin D by almost 98 percent

According to the researchers there are several chemical compounds that are typically used in a sunscreen that efficiently absorbed varying wavelengths of UVB radiation. After removing certain ingredients the researchers compared Solar D, which has an SPF of 30, to a popular commercial sunscreen with the same SPF, and found Solar D allowed for up to 50 percent more production of vitamin D in-vitro.

“Solar D was designed with compounds with differing filter compositions to maximize vitamin D production while maintaining its sun protection for reducing erythema or burning of the skin,” explained corresponding author Michael F. Holick, PhD, MD, professor of medicine, physiology and biophysics at Boston University School of Medicine and an endocrinologist at Boston Medical Center.

Solar D is currently available in Australia and will be available in the U.S. summer 2016.

Researchers develop concept for new sunscreen that allows body to produce vitamin D

Scientists identify gene that regulates growth of melanoma

The findings, published in the journal Cell Reports, provide new insight into how melanoma grows and identifies a new target for treatment of melanoma and other cancers.

Enzymes that chemically modify DNA, known as DNA methyltranferases, play critical roles in regulating gene expression during development, but their role in cancer formation is less clear. The new Yale study has uncovered a novel role for a specific DNA methyltransfearase enzyme — DNMT3B — in regulating melanoma growth.

Abnormally high expression of DNA methyltransferases is common in cancers, including melanoma. High expression of DNA methyltransferases can inappropriately switch genes off or on, which can contribute to tumor formation and growth. However, little is known about the specific growth-signaling pathways affected by DNA methyltransferase enzymes like DNMT3B. Yale researchers identified a specific cell-signaling pathway that is dependent on DNMT3B. They found that reducing DNMT3B delayed melanoma formation in mice by affecting mTORC2, a protein complex that is important for controlling cell growth, size, and survival.

“We have identified a new target for drug development as well as a new way of targeting an existing pathway. These findings identify DNMT3B as an attractive target for cancer therapy,” said Marcus W. Bosenberg, M.D., associate professor of dermatology and pathology at Yale School of Medicine, and senior author on the study.

Malignant melanoma is the most deadly form of skin cancer, accounting for 80% of all skin cancer deaths. The research could lead to development of new strategies to slow melanoma growth by targeting DNMT3B, say the researchers.

Scientists identify gene that regulates growth of melanoma

Blood test may give early warning of skin cancer relapse

Scientists from the Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute studied the DNA shed by tumours into the bloodstream — called circulating tumour DNA — in blood samples from seven advanced melanoma patients at The Christie NHS Foundation Trust.

In this early work they found they could see whether a patient was relapsing by tracking levels of circulating tumour DNA. And they found that new mutations in genes like NRAS and PI3K appeared, possibly causing the relapse by allowing the tumour to become resistant to treatment.

Most melanoma patients respond to treatment at first but their cancer can become resistant within a year. It is hoped that these approaches will allow doctors to use circulating tumour DNA to tailor treatment for individual patients to get the best result.

Around 40 to 50 per cent of melanoma patients have a faulty BRAF gene and they can be treated with the targeted drugs vemurafenib or dabrafenib. But for many of these patients the treatments don’t work, or their tumours develop resistance after a relatively short time. When this happens these patients can be offered immunotherapy drugs including pembrolizumab, nivolumab and ipilimumab. Detecting this situation early could be key to improving their care and chances of survival.

Around 14,500 people are diagnosed with melanoma and more than 2,100 people die from it every year in the UK. Professor Richard Marais, lead author and Cancer Research UK’s skin cancer expert, said: “Being able to spot the first signs of relapse, so we can rapidly decide the best treatment strategy, is an important area for research. Using our technique we hope that one day we will be able to spot when a patient’s disease is coming back at the earliest point and start treatment against this much sooner, hopefully giving patients more time with their loved ones. Our work has identified a way for us to do this but we still need to test the approach in further clinical trials before it reaches patients in the clinic.”

Professor Peter Johnson, Cancer Research UK’s chief clinician, said: “One of the sinister things about melanoma is that it can lay dormant for years and then suddenly re-emerge, probably as it escapes from the control of the body’s immune system. Being able to track cancers in real time as they evolve following treatment has huge potential for the way we monitor cancers and intervene to stop them growing back. There’s still some time until we see this in the clinic but we hope that in the future, blood tests like these will help us to stay one step ahead in treating cancer.”

Blood test may give early warning of skin cancer relapse

Liposomes cannot penetrate the skin

But now a new study from University of Southern Denmark finds that liposomes cannot penetrate the skin’s barrier without breaking.

The study is published in the journal Plos One. The authors include postdoc Jes Dreier and Associate Professor Jonathan Brewer from the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark.

The study follows a previous study from 2013, in which the research team showed that liposomes lose their cargo of agents the moment they meet the skin’s surface.

“This time we use a new method, and once and for all we establish that intact liposomes cannot penetrate the skin’s surface. Therefore, we need to revise the way we perceive liposomes — especially in the skin care industry, where liposomes are perceived as protective spheres transporting agents across the skin barrier, says Jonathan Brewer.

The research group is the first in the world to use a special microscope, called a nanoscope, to study the skin. With this technique it is possible to directly see the individual molecules and liposomes.

One can study their activity and the processes that occur at the molecular level, and this provides a valuable insight into how cells function.

The studies have revealed that liposomes cannot carry active agents into the skin. However, the liposomes may in fact in some way help the agents get underway.

“When the liposomes hit the skin and break, it is not certain that the active agents are wasted. It may well be that a chemical reaction starts, which somehow helps the agents travel through the skin barrier. So in a way you could say that the liposomes might work — but then it is in a different way than the beauty industry tells us, the researchers said.

They now recommend that science changes its focus towards these possible chemical reactions.

Liposomes cannot penetrate the skin

Gene identified that helps wound healing

The protein, MG53, travels throughout the bloodstream and helps the body fix injuries to the skin, heart, lungs, kidneys and other organs without causing scars. It’s a discovery that could help heal open wounds, decrease recovery time after surgery and reduce the spread of infections.

“A massive scar on your skin may look bad, but imagine you have a heart attack and get a scar on your heart–that could be lethal,” says Jianjie Ma, a physiologist at Ohio State and co-author of the presentation.

All animals carry this gene, he said, and it’s almost identical no matter which species. MG53 fixes the cell and tissue damage that occurs during everyday living. Even simple actions, like walking or typing, will cause injuries to the body. Usually this isn’t a problem because MG53 can make repairs before there’s any serious harm.

Ma and his team genetically engineered mice without the gene that makes MG53 to see what would happen without its healing capabilities. The experiments showed that the mice lacking MG53 had difficulty recovering from injury, because of their compromised repair capacity; their heart would not function well under stress conditions.

MG53 works in tandem with another protein called TGF Beta, a type of “cytokine” protein that also heals wounds, but the healing process happens so quickly that it causes scars. If you have more TGF Beta in your bloodstream than MG53, you scar easily.

Ma’s goal is to develop a therapy that will inhibit TGF Beta and promote MG53. Medical professionals can use the therapy during procedures to promote quick, scarless healing. His next step is to identify a small compound that can do this and eventually test whether it has the desired effect in human trials.

Presentation #2907, “MG53 promotes wound healing and reduces scar formation by facilitating cell membrane repair and controlling myofibroblast differentiation,” is authored by Haichang Li, Pu Duann, Pei-Hui Lin, Li Zhao, Zhaobo Fan, Tao Tan, Xinyu Zhou, Mingzhai Sun, Matthew Sermersheim, Hanley Ma, Steven Steinberg, Hua Zhu, Chunyu Zeng, Jianjun Guan and Jianjie Ma. It will be in a poster session that begins at 10:30 a.m. on Wed., March 2, 2016 in the West Hall of the Los Angeles Convention Center.

Gene identified that helps wound healing

Better way to treat abscesses: Add antibiotic to conventional approach

The findings are particularly important because of the emergence of community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, or MRSA, which since 2000 has become the most common cause of skin infections — initially in the U.S. and now in many other parts of the world.

The UCLA study will be published March 3 by the New England Journal of Medicine.

“We found that adding in a specific antibiotic to the medical treatment also resulted in fewer recurring infections, fewer infections in other places on the body and fewer people passing on the infection to other members of the household,” said Dr. David Talan, the study’s lead author and a professor in the department of emergency medicine and department of medicine, division of infectious diseases, at the David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA and Olive View-UCLA Medical Center. “This translates into fewer medical visits and reduced health care costs.”

In the U.S., emergency department visits for skin infections nearly tripled from 1.2 million to 3.4 million between 1993 and 2005, and the burden of such infections has continued since then. Most of the increase was due to a greater incidence of skin abscesses — pus-filled boils or pimples with discharge that are the most frequent way people get MRSA infections.

“Traditional teaching has been that the only treatment needed for most skin abscesses is surgical drainage — and that antibiotics don’t provide an extra benefit,” said Dr. Gregory Moran, clinical professor of emergency medicine at the Geffen School, chief of the department of emergency medicine at Olive View-UCLA and one of the study’s authors. “Our findings will likely result in patients more often being recommended to take antibiotics in addition to having surgical drainage when they get a skin abscess.”

Emergency department doctors still grapple with how to best treat and prevent MRSA, given its resistance to many antibiotics.

“The problem is steadily increasing and anyone can get MRSA, particularly those who are in close contact with other people, such as through sports,” Talan said. “MRSA is commonly transmitted between family members or roommates, and it has even caused outbreaks on NFL teams.”

The study examined treatment for more than 1,200 patients at five hospital emergency departments — in Los Angeles; Baltimore; Kansas City, Missouri; Philadelphia and Phoenix. For some patients, doctors prescribed an inexpensive, generic antibiotic called trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, also known as Bactrim, for seven days after the abscess was surgically drained. For others, they prescribed a placebo for seven days.

They found that 93 percent of patients who took the antibiotic were cured, well above the 86 percent who took the placebo.

“MRSA is not going away, so we need to find better ways to treat and prevent it,” Talan said. “We hope the information will help guide doctors as to the best ways to address skin infections.”

MRSA and other types of skin infection can be easily transmitted from one person to another, but Talan said the following tips can help prevent infection from spreading:

• If you see a skin infection beginning, see your doctor right away. This could help a small problem from becoming bigger and more difficult to treat.

• People with skin infections should be careful to keep lesions covered with a dressing or bandage and should thoroughly wash their hands after changing the bandage. Used bandages should be placed immediately in the trash.

• Avoid sharing personal items like towels, razors or brushes with anyone who has an active skin infection.

Better way to treat abscesses: Add antibiotic to conventional approach

Specialized tests useful for melanoma diagnosis, treatment

AMERICAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY EXPERT

Information provided by Emily Y. Chu, MD, PhD, FAAD, assistant professor of dermatology, and pathology and laboratory medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia.

USES

Genetic and molecular testing can provide doctors with important information to aid them in the diagnosis and treatment of certain melanoma cases, Dr. Chu says. These tests are widely available through academic centers and commercial laboratories, she says, and many are covered through insurance or available at no additional cost to the patient.

“Today we have more tools than ever to diagnose and treat melanoma,” Dr. Chu says. “These resources enable dermatologists to provide the best possible care for our patients.”

Skin cancer is typically diagnosed through tissue biopsy, but biopsy results are sometimes unclear. In these cases, Dr. Chu says, doctors can utilize additional tests to help determine whether a lesion is malignant. Additionally, if a patient is diagnosed with advanced-stage melanoma, testing may be able to identify which treatments are most likely to be effective, she says.

DIAGNOSIS

If a biopsy does not clearly indicate whether a lesion is a malignant melanoma, Dr. Chu says, comparative genomic hybridization or fluorescent in situ hybridization may be helpful in determining a diagnosis. In both of these tests, doctors look for signs of melanoma as they compare the DNA in tumor cells to the DNA in normal tissue.

According to Dr. Chu, doctors also may utilize gene expression profiling to gather additional diagnostic information. This type of test, which screens the patient’s tissue for genes associated with cancer, may be used to determine whether a lesion is malignant.

TREATMENT

In advanced melanoma cases, doctors may utilize next generation sequencing testing, which examines a melanoma for specific mutations, allowing doctors to select an appropriate targeted therapy and provide the best possible treatment for the patient.

For example, Dr. Chu says, this type of test may identify BRAF mutations in melanomas, which in turn may be treated with BRAF inhibitors, a type of drug that can shrink tumors and stop further growth by “turning off” cancer genes.

According to Dr. Chu, further research into specific melanoma mutations and targeted therapies could help doctors provide more effective treatment in the future. “Although genetic and molecular testing for melanoma has advanced in recent years, it’s still an emerging field,” she says. “I think it will only get better.”

LIMITATIONS

Patients who have heard of genetic and molecular testing may believe it can determine their risk of melanoma recurrence, Dr. Chu says, but such testing is currently in the early stages of development. While some tools currently available for the general public can estimate one’s likelihood of developing certain diseases, including skin cancer, she says, these tests are not necessarily reliable. “Only a doctor can evaluate your melanoma risk or diagnose a suspicious lesion,” she says.

While genetic and molecular tests can be a valuable tool for doctors, Dr. Chu says, the results must be considered in conjunction with other diagnostic data. “Test results are just another piece of information,” she says, “but in certain melanoma cases, even a little bit of additional information can be helpful to a dermatologist in providing individualized care for each patient.”

AMERICAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY EXPERT ADVICE

“Genetic and molecular tests are a valuable tool in our arsenal for fighting melanoma,” Dr. Chu says. “When used appropriately, these tests can provide dermatologists with important information to assist them in melanoma diagnosis and treatment, allowing them to provide patients with the best possible care.”

Specialized tests useful for melanoma diagnosis, treatment

Misconceptions lead to negative perceptions of acne

AMERICAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY EXPERT

Information provided by board-certified dermatologist Alexa Boer Kimball, MD, MPH, FAAD, director, Clinical Unit for Research Trials and Outcomes in Skin (CURTIS) and professor of dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston.

SKIN AND STIGMA

People’s perceptions of and reactions to skin disease can have a significant impact on patients, Dr. Kimball says. To get a better idea of this impact, she decided to research the stigma associated with various skin conditions.

Acne is the most common skin condition in the United States, affecting up to 50 million Americans every year.¹ Despite the prevalence of this condition, Dr. Kimball’s research indicates that people still harbor some misconceptions about acne, she says, and these misconceptions contribute to negative perceptions and reactions that can impact patients’ quality of life.

“Acne is a very visible condition, and it affects many patients during adolescence, when they’re especially vulnerable,” Dr. Kimball says. “When acne persists into adulthood, so can its effects on self-esteem, which may create difficulty for patients in work and social situations.”

RESEARCH RESULTS

The participants in Dr. Kimball’s research viewed photos of several common skin conditions and completed a questionnaire regarding each condition. The majority of subjects (62.5 percent) indicated that they were upset by the images of acne, and more than 80 percent said they felt pity toward acne sufferers.

More than two-thirds of participants (67.9 percent) indicated that they would be ashamed if they had acne and that they would find someone with acne unattractive. Moreover, 41.1 percent of participants said they would be uncomfortable being seen in public with someone with acne, and 44.6 percent said they would feel uncomfortable touching someone with acne.

“I was surprised by these results,” Dr. Kimball says. “Since so many people have experienced acne, I thought they would have more empathy for patients with this condition.”

Many participants expressed belief in common misconceptions about acne, including that the condition is caused by poor hygiene (55.4 percent), that it is infectious (50.0 percent) and that it is related to diet (37.5 percent). “Clearly there are a lot of misconceptions out there,” Dr. Kimball says. “People are making incorrect assumptions about acne, and it’s affecting their opinion of patients with this condition.”

RESEARCH IMPLICATIONS

According to Dr. Kimball, misconceptions about acne also may affect patients’ efforts to manage their condition. “If you think acne is related to hygiene, you may start scrubbing your face aggressively in an effort to cleanse your skin, and this may make the condition worse,” she says. “Or, if you think acne is related to what you eat, you may decide to cut certain foods out of your diet, but there is little scientific evidence to support many of those strategies.”

Dr. Kimball says she’d like to conduct further research into the perspectives of acne patients, investigating how common misconceptions and outside opinions about their condition affect them. In the meantime, she advises patients who are struggling with acne to visit a board-certified dermatologist, who can devise an appropriate treatment plan.

“If acne is having a negative impact on your life, you don’t have to deal with it yourself,” she says. “Acne is a medical condition, so you shouldn’t hesitate to seek medical attention for it. There are a variety of effective treatment options available, for both teens and adults, and a dermatologist can determine the best option for you.”

AMERICAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY EXPERT ADVICE

“Acne is a very common condition, but it seems that many people don’t have a good understanding of it,” Dr. Kimball says. “The widespread misconceptions about acne may contribute to negative perceptions, which can affect patients’ quality of life and social interactions. Rather than attempting to manage the condition themselves based on those misconceptions, I encourage acne patients to visit a board-certified dermatologist, who can provide the best possible treatment.”

Misconceptions lead to negative perceptions of acne

Medication for moms-to-be: Managing skin conditions in pregnancy

AMERICAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY EXPERT

Information provided by Jenny Eileen Murase, MD, FAAD, assistant clinical professor of dermatology, University of California, San Francisco.

ECZEMA When women become pregnant, Dr. Murase says, they experience an immune system shift that may trigger atopic dermatitis, or eczema, in patients who have previously experienced the condition. “Atopic dermatitis is the most common rash dermatologists see in pregnancy,” she says. “Expectant mothers often see their existing eczema get worse or have a flare for the first time in many years.”

Topical corticosteroids are an appropriate treatment option for pregnant women with eczema, Dr. Murase says. Mild or moderate topical corticosteroids are preferred to more potent formulations, which should only be used for a short period of time if the initial treatment is unsuccessful. Dr. Murase recommends that her pregnant patients dilute topical corticosteroids with a moisturizer, which can contribute to healing while reducing the amount of medication used.

PSORIASIS

According to Dr. Murase, the same immune system shift that leads to eczema flares in pregnant patients can sometimes result in the clearing of psoriasis — often to the point where no treatment is required to manage the condition. “About half of pregnant women experience a dramatic improvement that may allow them to temporarily discontinue treatment,” she says.

Unless there is a clear medical need, pregnant women should avoid biologics and other systemic medications for psoriasis. These patients may use topical treatments like moisturizers, emollients, and low- to moderate-dose corticosteroids to manage their condition. Breastfeeding mothers should be cautious in applying high-potency topical corticosteroids to the nipple area in order to avoid passing the medication on to their baby.

If additional treatment is necessary, phototherapy may be utilized. Narrowband ultraviolet B is the best option for pregnant and nursing women; broadband ultraviolet B therapy also may be considered. Psoralen with ultraviolet A(PUVA)treatment should be avoided, as psoralen may enter breastmilk and lead to light sensitivity in babies.

If psoriasis patients discontinue or change their treatment regimen during pregnancy, Dr. Murase recommends that they restart their pre-pregnancy regimen as soon as possible after giving birth, as their condition may flare once the pregnancy is over. While many medications are safe for breastfeeding mothers, as outlined in the U.S. Food and Drug Administration’s new labeling requirements, she advises these patients to consult their doctor before stopping or starting any treatments.

ACNE

There are a variety of treatment options available for acne, and several are suitable for pregnant patients. Topical benzoyl peroxide is a good option for these women, as it is both safe and widely available, Dr. Murase says, and it may be used in combination with the topical antibiotic clindamyacin.

Moderate to severe acne cases may be treated with antibiotics in conjunction with topical therapy, but antibiotics should be used for a limited period of time, as overuse could contribute to bacterial resistance. Dr. Murase says the best antibiotic options for expectant mothers are those in the cephalosporin family, while erythromycin and azithromycin also may be acceptable for these patients. She says pregnant women should avoid tetracycline antibiotics.

AMERICAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY EXPERT ADVICE

“If there is a way to manage your skin condition without medication during pregnancy, that is the preferred option,” Dr. Murase says. “If you have a condition that does require medication, however, a board-certified dermatologist can help you identify a treatment that’s safe for both you and your baby.”

Medication for moms-to-be: Managing skin conditions in pregnancy

Dermatology: Patients have many reasons to love lasers

AMERICAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY EXPERT

Information provided by board-certified dermatologist Tina S. Alster, MD, FAAD, clinical professor of dermatology, Georgetown University, Washington.

USES AND BENEFITS

As people age, they may notice changes in their skin, including wrinkles and discoloration, and many people experience several changes at once. Fortunately, Dr. Alster says, laser technology has developed over the years so that multiple devices can be used together to treat more than one condition at a time. As a result, she says, a dermatologist may use one device to treat redness, another to treat brown spots and another to treat sagging skin — all during the same patient visit.

“These ‘mega combination’ treatments allow dermatologists to provide patients with truly revitalized skin in just one treatment session,” she says. “We can optimize their results while minimizing the amount of time they have to spend in the office.”

In addition to the rejuvenation of aging skin, Dr. Alster says, lasers can be utilized to treat patients with “a whole host of conditions,” including vascular birthmarks, hyperpigmentation, and scarring from acne, surgery or trauma. These devices also may be used to remove tattoos or unwanted hair.

Moreover, Dr. Alster said, lasers have become more specialized over the years, so each device is designed specifically for the condition it’s used to treat, making laser procedures highly effective. “There are lasers for patients of all ages and skin types,” she says. “It really runs the gamut.”

The development of fractionated lasers for skin resurfacing also allows dermatologists to provide an improved experience for patients, Dr. Alster says. Fractionated lasers use the same amount of energy as older models, she says, but that energy is broken up into smaller doses, offering safer, more effective treatment. “Today’s lasers allow us to provide a rejuvenating effect with less trauma to the skin,” she says. “That means a lower risk of complications and shorter recovery time for patients.”

A PRACTICED HAND

While laser treatments have many benefits, they also carry the risk of complications, including burns, hyperpigmentation and scarring. In order to reduce this risk, Dr. Alster says, it’s important for patients to ensure that their laser procedures are performed by a properly trained and suitably experienced medical professional.

“It does matter whose hand is holding the laser; the laser is not doing the work itself,” she says. “If lasers are used improperly, there can be side effects and complications that could have been avoided.”

Dr. Alster recommends that patients seek laser treatments from a board-certified physician — preferably a board-certified dermatologist. Additionally, she says patients should make sure their doctor of choice has experience with the treatment to be performed and the device to be used, since that experience will inform the success of the procedure. “Experience counts,” she says. “Doctors get better with their lasers as they use them, sort of like how a cook gets better in the kitchen.”

Dr. Alster also suggests that patients choose a doctor who has experience with multiple laser treatments and devices, as that experience will allow that doctor to choose the best possible treatment for each patient. She says talking to patients who have already received laser treatments is a good way to evaluate a potential doctor.

PATIENT PRECAUTIONS

Laser treatments are not always the best option for every patient. Laser devices should not be used on inflamed or infected skin, Dr. Alster says, and patients whose skin does not recover well from trauma may not be good candidates for laser procedures. Additionally, lasers should not be used on skin that has recently received unprotected exposure to ultraviolet radiation, she says, which is another reason patients should protect their skin from the sun’s UV rays and avoid indoor tanning.

To reduce the risk of complications and ensure the best possible outcome, Dr. Alster says, it’s important for patients to carefully follow their doctor’s instructions, both before and after the treatment. “It’s vital to prepare appropriately and follow the prescribed postoperative instructions to a T,” she says.

AMERICAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY EXPERT ADVICE

“Today’s laser technology offers safe and effective treatment options for patients with an array of conditions, and many of these conditions can be treated in one office visit,” Dr. Alster says. “In order to avoid complications, however, you should only receive laser procedures from a board-certified physician with the appropriate expertise. If you’re considering a laser procedure, I recommend consulting a board-certified dermatologist.”

Dermatology: Patients have many reasons to love lasers

Tyrosinase inhibitors from terrestrial and marine resources

Tyrosinase is a multifunctional copper-containing enzyme widely distributed in microorganisms as good as plants and animals that has a former purpose in melanin biosynthesis so impacting on skin tone and pigmentation. This sold enzyme has a ability to catalyze a hydroxylation of L-tyrosine toL-DOPA and serve consume L-DOPA to dopaquinones that are deliberate as boosters of melanogenesis. Considering a medical and cosmetic sector, a good series of researches focused on a siege of tyrosinase inhibitors from both human and sea sourroundings belonging to opposite chemical classes such as phenolics (flavonoids, lignans, stilbenes, coumarins, arylbenzofurans, tannins), megastigmane-type (nor-isoprenoid), terpenes, intermittent peptides, alkaloids and steroids.

Previous studies have shown that flavonoids have a ability of chelating a active site as good as behaving as cofactor or substrate of tyrosinase, so stopping a effect. Moreover, flavonoids with a 4-substituted resorcinol section during ring B were regarded as manly tyrosinase inhibitors. Compounds belonging to a terpenes organisation suggested tyrosinase inhibitory activities due to opposite aspects including a position and relations pattern of a hydroxyl groups as good as a inlet and numbers of sugarine units as in cycloartane glycosides.

Furthermore, one critical aspect about some alkaloids is that their tyrosinase inhibitory ability competence be attributed to a allosteric outcome on a enzyme. As a whole, a good understanding of compounds exhibiting tyrosinase inhibitory capacities has been removed on land. However, manly compounds from a sea environment, generally impassioned vicinity such as hydrothermal vents or arctic regions usually wait to be denounced that positively reason promises in a find of tyrosinase inhibition, so opening new viewpoint for diagnosis of skin disorders as good as neurodegeneration associated diseases.

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Story Source:

The above post is reprinted from materials supposing by Bentham Science Publishers. Note: Materials might be edited for calm and length.

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Journal Reference:

1. Bin Wu. Tyrosinase Inhibitors from Terrestrial and Marine Resources. Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry, 2014; 14 (12): 1425 DOI: 10.2174/1568026614666140523115357
   

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Tyrosinase inhibitors from terrestrial and marine resources

Traffic-related air pollution linked to facial dark spots

“In addition to particulate matter, traffic-related air pollution is characterized by increased concentration of nitrogen dioxide (NO₂). While NO₂ exposure is known to be associated with low lung function and lung cancer, the effect of NO₂ on human skin has never been investigated. This is important because environmentally-induced lung and skin aging appear to be closely related,” explained lead investigator Jean Krutmann, MD, of the IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Dusseldorf, Germany.

Two groups were studied. The first included 806 Caucasian German women who were part of the SALIA study (Study on the influence of Air pollution on Lung function, Inflammation and Aging). The average age was 73.5 years (range 67 to 80 years) and 20% had a history of smoking. These women reportedly spent an average of 2.6 hours a day in the sun. The second group included 743 Han Chinese women from the Taizhou region who were somewhat younger than the SALIA group, with an average age of 59 (range 28 to 70 years). Twenty percent of this group had a history of smoking, with a reported average daily sun exposure of 3.5 hours. Many more women in the SALIA group reported using cosmetics with sun protection (61% vs. 4.2%). The mean levels of NO₂ exposure were 28.8 µg/m³ in the SALIA study and 24.1 µg/m³ in the Taizhou China group.

No association was seen between levels of NO₂ and lentigenes’ formation on the back of the hands or forearms, however, exposure to NO₂ was significantly associated with more lentigenes on the cheeks in both German and Chinese women older than 50 years. Overall, an increase of 10 µg/m³ in NO₂ concentration was associated with approximately 25% more dark spots. The spots were visually evaluated by trained personnel according to photo reference scales and quantified using a validated skin aging score system (SCINEXA).

The investigators performed sensitivity analysis to see whether they could pinpoint whether it was the concentration of particulate matter or NO₂ gas that had a greater impact on dark spot formation. They found that the NO₂ gas had a slightly stronger effect than the particulate matter concentration..

“To the best of our knowledge, this is the largest epidemiological study demonstrating a link between traffic-related air pollution and the formation of lentigenes,” noted co-investigator Li Jin, PhD, of Fudan University’s State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai, China, and the Fudan-Taizhou Institute of Health Sciences, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China. “The findings also strengthen the concept that the pathogenesis of lentigenes might differ depending on the anatomical site.”

Lentigenes, also known as liver spots, are small, darkened areas of the skin. Although they may first appear small, they may enlarge and separate patches may merge. They are most commonly found on the face, forearms, hands, and upper trunk. Usually brown in color, lentigenes can appear yellow-tan to black. Lentigenes are more common in light-skinned individuals and in the US, solar (sun-associated) lentigenes are noted in 90% of Caucasians older than 60 and 20% of those younger than 35 years. Lentigenes, which contain an increased number of the melanin-forming cells of the skin (melanocytes), are generally benign, although some forms may be pre-cancerous.

Traffic-related air pollution linked to facial dark spots

Multicomponent intervention linked to better sun protection for kids

Melanoma is the second most common form of cancer among adolescents and young adults and sun exposure increases the risk of skin cancer whether it occurs during childhood or adolescence.

June K. Robinson, M.D., of the Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, and editor of JAMA Dermatology, and coauthors conducted a summertime randomized clinical trial including 300 caregivers (parents or relatives) who brought a child (ages 2 to 6 years) to a well-child visit at two urban pediatric clinics with 15 participating pediatricians from the Advocate Children’s Hospital system.

Of the 300 caregiver-child pairs, 153 (51 percent) were assigned to the sun-protection intervention and the remaining 147 (49 percent) were assigned to receive the information usually provided during a well-child visit. The sun protection intervention included a 13-page, read-along book that emphasized sun-protection behaviors using child characters, a sun-protective swim shirt and four sun-protection reminders sent weekly by text message. The study had a four-week follow-up.

Participants in the sun-protection intervention had higher scores related to sun-protection behaviors on both sunny and cloudy days, on scores related to sunscreen use and on scores related to wearing a shirt with sleeves on sunny days, according to the results.

The authors corroborated their findings by measuring skin pigment changes in the children using spectrophotometry. The results showed children in the sun-protection group did not have a significant change in melanin level on their protected upper arms.

The authors note a few study limitations, including that a relatively small number of children in minority groups prevented an ethnically stratified analysis of the data. Most of the children in the study were white.

“This implementable program can help augment anticipatory sun protection guidance in pediatric clinics and decrease children’s future skin cancer risk,” the article concludes.

Editorial: Optimizing Sun Protection for Children

“As clinicians, we tend to believe that ‘less is more’ and that simplifying recommendations benefits our patients. Ultimately, sun protection programs are behavioral interventions designed to change patterns long term, and it would not surprise us to find that more complex multimodal approaches, such as those advocated by Ho et al, may prove more effective at reinforcing healthier sun-protection habits and that, in this instance, ‘more is more,"” the editorial concludes.

100% Natural Arabica Coffee Scrub 8.8 fl. oz. with Organic Coffee, Coconut and Shea Butter - Best Acne, Anti Cellulite and Stretch Mark treatment, Spider Vein Therapy for Varicose Veins & Eczema

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• LOADED WITH ANTI-OXIDANTS: Our Coffee Body Scrub is loaded with antioxidants, which help to fight premature skin aging like wrinkles, sun spots, and fine lines. When applied under and around the eyes, it can help in minimizing the appearance of puffy eyes as caffeine restricts blood vessels, which reduces swelling and inflammation. It can also help lightens dark circles under the eyes.



• 100% NATURAL EXFOLIATING SCRUB & ACNE TREATMENT SKINCARE: Exfoliate your skin improves circulation & help remove residual dirt, giving you a fresher, younger, more moisturized appearance. Coffee grounds in this scrub acts as a mechanical exfoliate that helps to scrub away dead skin to reveal the new, healthy skin underneath and as a chemical exfoliater removing skin cells with enzymes or acidic properties.



• BUY NOW WITH 100% SATISFACTION GUARANTEE : Purchase with complete peace of mind, we endorse our skin care to be of the highest quality and most effective in the market. Our Coffee & Dead Sea Scrub will provide your skin a more glowing and radiant appearance upon 1st use. If you are not completely satisfied with the product, we will refund your entire purchase.



• GET RID OF CELLULITE: We combine best quality of organic coffee grounds with moisturizing, skin-soothing organic coconut oil and dead sea salt for an extra exfoliating kick. By massaging our organic anti cellulite coffee body scrub onto any problem area, you"ll stimulate blood flow resulting in smoother, firmer skin. Caffeine is the #1 enemy of Cellulite, which tightens and provides antioxidants to the skin when applied topically. When applied religiously, it has been shown to reduce the appearance of cellulite.It is a great cellulite remover.



• CACAO COCONUT SHEA BUTTER SUGAR FACIAL SCRUBS FORMULA: This high caffeine formula specializes in targeting stretch marks removal, and cellulite while boosting your skins anti-oxidants. Our coffee body scrub & facial scrub skin care routine may help in preventing varicose veins. The caffeine in a coffee scrub acts as a vascular restrictor, shrinking blood vessels and reducing the appearance of varicose veins. This dead sea salt body scrub also helps to lighten the scars and tighten the skin. It is very effective for stretch mark removal process and spider vein removal.

Product Description

Our emulsified formula is made using high quality, all natural gourmet coffee, which softens skin as it scrubs away dirt and dead skin cells. This formula also contains skin-loving Coconut Oil, Olive oil, Shea Butter, Sweet Almond Oil, Grape Seed Oil making this aromatic exfoliating scrub a luxurious staple in any skin care regime.


Active Ingredients in this scrub:
• Caffeine will stimulate blood flow and help reduce the appearance of cellulite, eczema, stretch marks, age spots, varicose veins and psoriasis.
• Dead Sea Salt will exfoliate your skin, removing dead skin, acne, whiteheads, blackheads,breakouts and other skin blemishes.
• Coconut Oil will hydrate and moisturize your skin.
• Shea Butter, Cocoa Butter are high in antioxidants which nourish and protect the skin, promoting cell repair and rejuvenation.


Benefits of using this Scrub:
Exfoliates your skin
Restores elasticity
Increases circulation
Super Hydration
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Reduces fine...

Aveeno Baby Eczema Therapy Soothing Baby Bath Treatment, 5 Count-3.75oz (Pack of 2)

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• Fragrance Free



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• Soothes diaper rash and chicken pox



• National Eczema Association Accepted



• Natural colloidal oatmeal

Product Description

Active: Colloidal Oatmeal 43%...Purpose: Skin Protectant. Inactive: Mineral Oil, Calcium Silicate, Laureth4. Uses: Temporarily protects and helps relieve minor skin irritation and itching due to: rashes; eczema; poison ivy, oak or sumac; insect bites. Aveeno Baby Eczema Therapy Soothing Bath Treatment is made with natural colloidal oatmeala long recognized ingredient that relieves dry, itchy and irritated skin. In this unique Aveeno formula, colloidal oatmeal is combined with a special moisturizer and milled into an ultrafine powder. When dispersed in water, this powder forms a soothing milky bath. After bathing, your baby"s skin becomes softer and smoother, and dry, irritated, sensitive skin is relieved. Aveeno Baby Eczema Therapy Soothing Bath Treatment works as a natural cleanser and cleans the skin without soap. Surface soils adhere to the ultrafine colloidal oatmeal particles and gently rinse away. The special emollient leaves skin moisturized. And it"s hypoallergenic so it"s...

Eucerin Eczema Relief, Flare-Up Treatment, 2 Ounce

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Product Description

Treats Eczema flare ups with a formula that instantly calms and provides temporary relief of minor skin irritations and itching. Fragrance, dye and steroid free. Instant therapy with oatmeal, licochalcone and ceramides. Dermatological skincare

Multicomponent intervention linked to better sun protection for kids

Hidradenitis suppurativa and risk of adverse cardiovascular events, death

The disease has been associated with cardiovascular risk factors, such as smoking and obesity, but the risk of cardiovascular disease in patients with HS is unknown.

Alexander Egeberg, M.D., Ph.D., of the University of Copenhagen, Denmark and coauthors investigated cardiovascular risk in patients with HS. Their study included 5,964 Danish patients with a hospital-based diagnosis of HS and 29,404 individuals from the general population without HS. The study analysis also compared patients with HS to 13,093 patients with severe psoriasis. The authors suggest HS was associated with increased risk of adverse cardiovascular outcomes and death from all causes; the risk of cardiovascular-associated death also was higher in patients with HS compared to the risk for patients with severe psoriasis. The study suggests HS may be a risk factor for adverse cardiovascular outcomes. “The results call for greater awareness of this association and for studies of its clinical consequences,” the study concludes.

Hidradenitis suppurativa and risk of adverse cardiovascular events, death

Aztec Secret Indian Healing Clay Deep Pore Cleansing, 1 Pound

How Aztec secret works Indian healing clay clays have been used for centuries to beautify and refresh when used as a facial mask. Cleopatra used clay from the Nile River and the Arabian Desert over 1800 years ago, as part of her beauty ritual. German and roman spas have been using clay packs and treatments in the spas they built 4,000 years ago. Many of these spas still exist and use clay even today. Pliney the elder devoted an entire chapter of his natural history” to the many uses of clay for pimples, black heads and skin tightening. Many famous naturopaths, such as kuhn, just and kneipp have contributed to the revival of the uses of clay through their natural treatments for arthritus and skin ailments. Aztec Indian healing clay a brief history – the world’s most powerful facial the use of clay with apple cider vinegar can be dated back to the southern French priest of the16th century, kneipp, and his natural treatments using clay packs and poultices. Throughout history the use of clay, specifically green clay or bentonite, is well documented. To learn more about clay, look for “our earth our cure” by Raymond Dexteit, translated by Michel Abehsera in your local health food store or book store. Aztec secret Indian healing clay is bentonite clay from Death Valley, California, where it is sun- dried for up to six months in temperatures that sometimes reach 134 degrees. Facials, acne, body wraps, clay baths, foot soaks, chilled clay for knee packs and insect bites. Enjoy the benefits of clay in your own home. Beautify and refresh.

Aztec Secret Indian Healing Clay Deep Pore Cleansing, 1 Pound

Art Naturals Blackhead Extractor Tool Set for Facial Acne and Comedones

BLACKHEAD REMOVER KIT: ANTI-ACNE SET, BLEMISH-FREE COMPLEXION!

A product that can help you remove blackheads, pimples and blemishes at home without exposing yourself to contaminations

A surgical grade set of blackhead extractors which are not only safe on your skin but are also dead easy to use

Art Naturals Blackhead Remover Kit – The blackhead extractor

Manufactured with premium grade stainless steel, the set includes 5 Double Looped Tools which easily take on any size blemish; even those located in the most conspicuous part of your body with complete ease. The handles are textured for just the perfect grip during use.

The blackhead removers are surgical grade, which means they are the same quality as those used, trusted and recommended by professional dermatologists and Estheticians for safe skin procedures.

The set comes in a fancy leather zipper bag for compactness during storage and travel. You can easily carry it in your purse with your makeup kit to quickly deal with blemishes as you notice them while freshening up.

The Blackhead Remover Kit is a quality product with many benefits, including:

• Surgical grade tools with proven effectiveness.

• Rust-free, corrosion and stain resistant.

• Designed for comfort on skin and easy handling.

• Fully equipped to extract any size blemish, anywhere on your body.

• Anti-Acne tools recommended by professionals. Why risk your health and beauty with tools of unproven quality when you can get the very best blackhead remover tools used by actual professionals?

Treat your skin with safe anti-acne DIY tools!

Art Naturals Blackhead Extractor Tool Set for Facial Acne and Comedones

eczema treatments

eczema treatments

TruKid Eczema Soothing Face and Body Wash, Unscented, 8 Ounce

TruKid Eczema Soothing Face and Body Wash, Unscented, 8 Ounce For many eczema sufferers, the skin’s moisture barrier does not hold enough moisture next to the skin, causing flare ups and irritation. Trukid’s truly natural blend of moisturizing aloe, calendula, chamomile and borage oil gently cleanses, without damaging or removing the skin’s natural moisture barrier. Trukid eczema soothing face and body wash is ideal for most skin types and perfectly gentle for the whole family. Founded by a mother of six, trukid products have been designed to make kids hap

• Gently cleanses irritated and cracked skin from eczema


• Ph; balanced for a child’s face and sensitive skin


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Neosporin Eczema Essentials Hydrocortisine Anti-Itch Cream -- 1 oz

Neosporin Eczema Essentials Hydrocortisine Anti-Itch Cream — 1 oz Neosporin Eczema Essentials Hydrocortisone Anti-Itch Cream works to relieve itch due to eczema and restore visibly healthier skin. It is clinically shown to improve dryness, flaking and the appearance of redness. The unique RELIPID formula contains a lipid, humectant, emollient and botanical blend to help retain moisture essential for healthy looking skin. Uses: temporarily relieves itching associated with minor skin irritations, inflammation, and rashes due to:eczemasoapsdetergentscosmeticssebo

• Neosporin Eczema Essentials Hydrocortisone Anti-Itch Cream works to relieve itch due to eczema and restore visibly healthier skin


• Neosporin

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Dermatic - #1 Topical Probiotic Skin Care Treatment for Eczema, Rosacea, Dermatitis and Other Skin Irritations

Dermatic – #1 Topical Probiotic Skin Care Treatment for Eczema, Rosacea, Dermatitis and Other Skin Irritations
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Probiotics are live bacteria and yeasts that are good for your health. We usually think of bacteria as something that causes diseases. But your body is full of bacteria, both good and bad.

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★ 70 MILLION CFU’S OF PROBIOTICS – Cleans the skin at the microscopic level and removes bacteria that cause irritations, sores, redness, and crusty dry skin.

★ MADE IN THE USA! In a certified Good Manufacturing Processes (cGMP) facility. All ingredients are required to have a Certificate of Analysis before delivery and are tested again upon receipt in our facility to ensure potency and safety.

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Majestic Pure Unrefined Organic Shea Butter, Raw Grade A, Approximately 1 lb

Majestic Pure Unrefined Organic Shea Butter, Raw Grade A, Approximately 1 lb Endless Benefits Of Majestic Pure Organic CUT Shea Butter to Skin And Hair – Shea butter is a solid fatty oil that is derived from the nuts of Karite trees and have gained huge popularity due to its widespread use in several beauty products such as lotions, cosmetics, shampoos, conditioners and many more. Shea butter exhibits several health benefits particularly for the skin and hair. Shea butter is known to help with dry skin, rashes, blemishes and wrinkles, itching skin, Sunburn and Protection

• Majestic Pure Organic Shea Butter Approximately 1 lb (plus/minus 10%) is the Highest grade raw Shea butter ever known to the world; Our Shea Butter is Cut (not Melt and Pour), Preserving the desired efficacy; Melt and Pour Methods lead to loss of Efficacy; Majestic Pure Shea Butter is Organic


• Can be used as a base in skin care products due to its anti-inflammatory and healing properties; Shea Butter is also used as an ingredient in soaps, shampoos, conditioners, hair relaxers, lotions, hand & body creams etc


• Shea Butter is considered as one of the best anti-aging and moisturizing agents for skin. Natural vitamins, antioxidants and fatty acids make it amazingly nourishing and moisturizing; It contains necessary nutrients for collagen production; Shea butter acts as a natural sunscreen by providing protection against the ultraviolet radiations


• Our African Shea butter is known for its skin healing properties; Vitamin F and vital ingredients Help in maintaining skin-elasticity; Shea butter is also known for soothing a dry itchy scalp; When used as a lip balm, it provides extra moisture and nutrients that are needed during cold season and dry weather


• Purchase with complete peace of mind, we are confident about our highest quality unrefined Shea butter; If you are not completely satisfied with Majestic raw Shea butter, we will refund your entire purchase

We have searched the web to find the best prices available. Click Here to find out where to get the best deal on Majestic Pure Unrefined Organic Shea Butter, Raw Grade A, Approximately 1 lb

Majestic Pure Unrefined Organic Shea Butter, Raw Grade A, Approximately 1 lb

California Baby Eczema Shampoo & Bodywash - No Fragrance Therapeutic Relief - 19 oz

California Baby Eczema Shampoo & Bodywash – No Fragrance Therapeutic Relief – 19 oz Help prevent and relieve eczema with the ultra-gentle and effective Therapeutic Relief Eczema Shampoo & Bodywash. The natural formula contains a blend of calendula flower extract and a therapeutic active to help relieve dry or irritated skin due to eczema or rashes. 100% botanically-based, the low-foaming cleansers are concentrated and tear free without the use of numbing agents.

• Help prevent and relieve eczema with the ultra-gentle and effective Therapeutic Relief Eczema Shampoo & Bodywash


• California Baby

We have searched the web to find the best prices available. Click Here to find out where to get the best deal on California Baby Eczema Shampoo & Bodywash – No Fragrance Therapeutic Relief – 19 oz

California Baby Eczema Shampoo & Bodywash - No Fragrance Therapeutic Relief - 19 oz

The Eczema Diet: Discover How to Stop and Prevent The Itch of Eczema Through Diet and Nutrition

The Eczema Diet: Discover How to Stop and Prevent The Itch of Eczema Through Diet and Nutrition Twenty per cent of people in the developed world have eczema — the incident rate among babies and children is on the rise. The research shows that eczema sufferers spend up to 00 on eczema treatments each year and nearly 40 percent spend more than 10 minutes each day applying topical treatments. And yet the number of people with eczema is rising and has tripled in recent years. While it’s perfectly fine to use modern medicines to help you or your child gain temporary relief, you nee

We have searched the web to find the best prices available. Click Here to find out where to get the best deal on The Eczema Diet: Discover How to Stop and Prevent The Itch of Eczema Through Diet and Nutrition

The Eczema Diet: Discover How to Stop and Prevent The Itch of Eczema Through Diet and Nutrition

Organic Manuka Honey Intense Moisture Skin Baby Cream - Perfect for Eczema and Skin Conditions in Babies & Children

Organic Manuka Honey Intense Moisture Skin Baby Cream – Perfect for Eczema and Skin Conditions in Babies & Children This unique creamy balm is rich in emollients, perfect for protecting and soothing delicate,

critically dry and irritated skin. The key ingredient is Organic Manuka Honey,

sourced from New Zealand and renown for its ability to naturally heal and soothe skin

affected by eczema and psoriasis. Our buttery balm creates a bacteria fighting barrier

that moisturizes inflamed skin on the face and body and will not burn or sting –

ideal for use on babies and children.

• 100% ORGANIC, GMO-free balm, rich in emollients, soothes and moisturizes severely dry, inflamed skin


• PERFECT ECZEMA CREAM, ideal for psoriasis and rosacea as well as wounds, cuts, scrapes, and more.


• HEALING MANUKA HONEY fuses with organic nut-free oils and beeswax to create a protective barrier on the skin to guard against bacteria and infection


• GENTLE on young, sensitive baby skin – will not burn or sting even the most irritated blemishes or open wounds


• MOTHER-ENDORSED baby cream with chemical-free composition of Organic Olive Oil, Organic Beeswax, Filtered Water, Grape Seed Oil, Organic New Zealand Manuka Honey and Manuka Oil Extract for a natural eczema treatment

We have searched the web to find the best prices available. Click Here to find out where to get the best deal on Organic Manuka Honey Intense Moisture Skin Baby Cream – Perfect for Eczema and Skin Conditions in Babies & Children

Organic Manuka Honey Intense Moisture Skin Baby Cream - Perfect for Eczema and Skin Conditions in Babies & Children